What Is Defense Innovation, Military Innovation, and Defense Technology Innovation?

It is complex to assess why some countries are promising innovators in defense technology while others are not. Answering this question starts with defining the boundaries between three closely related yet distinct concepts: defense innovation, military innovation, and defense technology innovation. While these terms seem almost the same and are often used interchangeably, each refers to a distinctive framework for the national security and technological advancement landscape.

Defense Innovation: A Strategic Framework

Defense innovation is a multi-faceted strategy that extends beyond the generation of novel military technologies. It encompasses the infusion of technological, organizational, and doctrinal change to meet long-term national security goals. This strategic approach is the key to maintaining a competitive edge in an increasingly competitive international arena and in the face of evolving threats. It addresses a wide range of issues, from traditional military conflicts to modern cyber warfare and asymmetric threats, ensuring a strategic advantage.

As emphasized by Soare and Pothier in their paper: “Leading Edge: Key Drivers of Defence Innovation and the Future of Operational Advantage”, a process of defense…